S. athrad n. “ford, crossing” (Category: Across, Athwart)
This Sindarin word for “ford” or “crossing” appeared as an element in numerous names and was based on the root √THAR (PE17/14, 34). In one place Tolkien said it was based on (possibly a gerund of) the verb athra- “to cross” (PE17/14).
Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s, the first element of N. athrad “ford, crossing” was the prefix N. ath- “on both sides, across” derived from ᴹ√AT(AT) “again, back” related to the words for “two”, while the second element as based on ᴹ√RAT “walk” (Ety/AT(AT), RAT). In a deleted note from 1957, Tolkien again indicate athrad was connected to primitive atta “two” as well as √THAR, but this was revised so that only the connection to √THAR remained (PE17/14).
The Etymologies of the 1930s also had deleted N. iathrad “crossing, ford” where the initial element was from the root ᴹ√YAT “join” (EtyAC/YAT). The Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s had G. {athrod >>} adros “a crossing, ford” based on adr “across, athwart” (GL/17), clear derived from the early root ᴱ√TARA¹ (QL/89) which was likely a precursor to later √THAR. The word G. trath “passage, ford” was also related (GL/71).
References ✧ PE17/14, 34; SA/thar; UT/264, 318; WJ/335, 338
Glosses
Variations
Related
Inflections
| Ethraid | plural | “Fords” | ✧ UT/264 |
Elements
| athra-¹ | “to cross (to and fro)” | gerund | ✧ PE17/14 |
Element In
N. athrad n. “ford, crossing” (Category: Across, Athwart)
References ✧ Ety/AT(AT), RAT
Glosses
Elements
| ath- | “on both sides, across” | ✧ Ety/AT(AT) | |
| râd | “path, track” | ✧ Ety/RAT | |
| ᴹ√RAT | “walk, go in a line (as a road)” | ✧ Ety/AT(AT) | |
| ᴹ√AT | “back, again, twice; two” | ✧ Ety/RAT (AT(AT)) | |
Element In
N. iathrad n. “crossing, ford”
Reference ✧ EtyAC/YAT ✧ “crossing, ford”
Elements
| iath | “across” | ✧ EtyAC/YAT (iath) |
| râd | “path, track” |
G. adros n. “crossing, ford” (Category: Across, Athwart)
References ✧ GL/17; LT2A/Artanor
Glosses
Variations
Changes
Elements
| adr(a) | “lying athwart; situated on far side” | ✧ GL/17 |
| #-os¹ | “abstract noun” | ✧ GL/17 (#-os) |
Element In
G. trath n. “passage, ford” (Category: Across, Athwart)
Reference ✧ GL/71 ✧ “passage, ford”
Derivations