ᴹQ. present grammar.

ᴹQ. present grammar.

Examples (present)
ōla- “is growing” [← ola-] a-verb ✧ PE22/116
alarye [← ala-] a-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/116
faralya “I am (on this occasion engaged in) hunting” ← fara- a-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/116
faralye “is hunting” [← fara-] a-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/116
ye faralya “I am (on this occasion engaged in) hunting” [← fara-] a-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/116
faralye “I am (on this occasion engaged in) hunting” [← fara-] a-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/116
ólar “is ... growing” [← ola-] a-verb plural ✧ PE22/116
kāra “be doing” [← kar-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/100
kára [← kar-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/109
kára [← kar-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/109
épha “it emerges” [← ef-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/127
háma [← ham-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/125
láta “lies” [← lat-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/126
māta “be eating” [← mat-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/100
méla “love” [← mel-] basic-verb ✧ LR/61
nēma “is appearing” [← nem-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/100
nyára “talking” [← nyar(a)-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/119
oia [← oi-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/125
ōla “is becoming” [← ol-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/100
sére “resteth” [← ser-] basic-verb ✧ LR/72
séra “is” [← ser-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/125
síra “flows” [← sir-] basic-verb ✧ PE22/126
thāra “stands” [← #thar-²] basic-verb ✧ PE22/126
meláne “I love” [← mel-] basic-verb 1st-sg ✧ LR/61
kára “(to) be making” [← kar-] basic-verb infinitive ✧ PE22/100
novalya ← NOV basic-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/101
túlya ← TUV basic-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/101
tuvalya ← TUV basic-verb long-imperfect ✧ PE22/101
kárar [← kar-] basic-verb plural ✧ PE22/109
kára “are ... making” [← kar-] basic-verb plural ✧ PE22/127
oiar “do live” [← oi-] basic-verb plural ✧ PE22/125
káralti “are ... making them” [← kar-] basic-verb plural with-pl-object ✧ PE22/127
káran [← kar-] basic-verb with-1st-sg-object ✧ PE22/109
kárathe “is (then) making it” [← kar-] basic-verb with-remote-sg-object ✧ PE22/118
káraza “doing this” [← kar-] basic-verb with-sg-object ✧ PE22/122
kára(za) “doing it” [← kar-] basic-verb with-sg-object ✧ PE22/122
lumna “is-heavy” [← lumna-] na-formative ✧ LR/47
lumna “(is) heavy” [← lumna-] na-formative ✧ LR/56
lumna “is-heavy” [← lumna-] na-formative ✧ SD/310
antalto “they gave” [← anta-] ta-causative 3rd-pl ✧ LR/72
antaróta “he gave it” [← anta-] ta-causative 3rd-sg-masc with-sg-object prosodic-lengthening ✧ LR/72
antar “they gave” [← anta-] ta-causative plural ✧ LR/72
kélua ← kelu u-verb ✧ PE22/117
lírua ← liru u-verb ✧ PE22/117
hára “dwells” [← har-] weak-verb ✧ PE22/125
hára [← har-] weak-verb ✧ PE22/125
laitalle [← laita-] weak-verb 2nd-pl ✧ SD/47

References ✧ PE22/100-101

Elements

frequentative

Element In


ᴱQ. present grammar.

Examples (present)
an “give” [← anta-] ✧ PE14/53
kaita “lie down” [← kaita-] ✧ PE14/58
kapta “leap” [← kapta-²] ✧ PE14/58
kare “make” [← kara-] ✧ PE14/58
kare ← kara ✧ PE15/71
tuve “receive, take” [← tuvu-] ✧ PE14/58
tue [← tuvu-] ✧ PE14/58
i “is” [← e-²] ✧ PE14/51
e “is” [← e-²] ✧ PE14/51
e [← e-²] ✧ PE14/57
i ← e (present) ✧ PE14/57
e “is” [← e-²] ✧ PE14/57
ea [← e-²] ✧ PE16/140
hari ← hari ✧ PE14/58
**hare ← hari ✧ PE14/58
ilta “in came” [← ilt-] ✧ PE14/54
karpe “pluck” [← karp-] ✧ PE14/58
lalle “chatter, babble” [← lala-] ✧ PE16/144
lilte “dance” [← lilt-] ✧ PE14/58
lilte “dance” [← lilt-] ✧ PE15/71
mape “seize” [← mapa-] ✧ PE14/58
mate ← mat- ✧ PE14/57
mate “eat” [← mata-] ✧ PE14/58
mate [← mata-] ✧ PE14/70
mate “eats” [← mata-] ✧ PE14/85
tanga- ← tanga ✧ PE14/58
piste “spit” [← pist-] ✧ PE14/58
silte “sift” [← silt-] ✧ PE14/58
sore ← soro ✧ PE15/77
sulpe “sips, tastes” [← sulp-] ✧ PE13/149
sulpe “drink” [← sulp-] ✧ PE14/58
tante “bounce” [← tanta-¹] ✧ PE14/58
tantila ← tantila ✧ PE14/58
tantilta ← tantilta ✧ PE14/58
tantya ← tantya ✧ PE14/58
[tant]īne ← tantya ✧ PE14/58
tiqe “it thaws” [← tiqi-] ✧ PE14/56
tiqe “melt” [← tiqi-] ✧ PE14/58
tule [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/28
tule “comes” [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/52
tule “come” [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/53
tule ← tul- ✧ PE14/57
tule “come” [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/59
tule “come” [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/59
tule “comes” [← tulu-] ✧ PE14/85
tule [← tulu-] ✧ PE16/124
tulie [← tulu-] ✧ PE16/125
tulya ← tulya ✧ PE14/58
tumpe “beat” [← tump-¹] ✧ PE14/58
tunqe “hear” [← tunq-] ✧ PE14/58
uqe “it rains” [← #uqu-] ✧ PE14/56
úqe “it rains” [← #uqu-] ✧ PE14/85
tulimbo [← tulu-] 1st-dual-exclusive ✧ PE16/124
[tulimb]ur [← tulu-] 1st-dual-exclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulimbo [← tulu-] 1st-dual-exclusive ✧ PE16/125
tulingo [← tulu-] 1st-dual-inclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulingwe [← tulu-] 1st-dual-inclusive ✧ PE16/124
[tuling]ur [← tulu-] 1st-dual-inclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulingo [← tulu-] 1st-dual-inclusive ✧ PE16/125
tulilme [← tulu-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulilme(n) [← tulu-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulilme [← tulu-] 1st-pl-exclusive ✧ PE16/125
tulingwe [← tulu-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulingwe(n) [← tulu-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE16/124
tulingwe [← tulu-] 1st-pl-inclusive ✧ PE16/125
anir “I give” [← anta-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/31
anin [← anta-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/31
aqin “I seize in my hand” [← #aqa-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/31
karin “I make, do” [← kara-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/45
kilkin “I gather, reap” [← kilk-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/47
kilkin “to gather, reap” [← kilk-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/47
elin “I drive” [← #ele-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/35
enin “I am called” [← en-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/35
enin [← en-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/35
emin [← en-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/35
erin “remains” [← #er-] 1st-sg ✧ LT1A/Tol Eressëa
erin “remains” [← #er-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/36
kenin “I prick” [← keny-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/46
fengin “I cut” [← #feng-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/38
harin “remains” [← har-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/39
hatin “I fling” [← hata-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/39
hilkin “it freezes” [← hilk-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/39
hepin “I bind” [← hepe-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/40
hotin “I sneeze” [← #hotyo-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/41
iltin “I thrust home” [← ilt-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/42
iqin “I beg, ‘pray’” [← iq-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/43
irtin “I peck, prick” [← #irty-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/43
kangin “I weave, spin” [← #kanga-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/45
kapin “I jump” [← kap-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/45
kawin “I bow” [← kawa-] 1st-sg ✧ LT1A/Kaukaeldar
kawin “I bow, make obeisance” [← kawa-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/45
kulpin “I contain” [← kulp-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/47
kumin “I pile up” [← #kum-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/49
kakin “I laugh” [← kaka-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/44
lomir “I hide” [← lom-] 1st-sg ✧ LT1A/Hisilómë
lomir “I hide (tr.), lurk (intr.)” [← lom-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/55
lomir “I hide (tr.)” [← lom-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/55
mokir “I hate” [← mok-] 1st-sg ✧ LT1A/Kosomot
mokir “I hate” [← mok-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/62
kiltin “I jerk, tuck” [← #kilti-] 1st-sg ✧ QL/47
tulinye [← tulu-] 1st-sg ✧ PE16/124
tulinye [← tulu-] 1st-sg ✧ PE16/125
[tul]illo [← tulu-] 2nd-dual ✧ PE16/124
[tulill]ur [← tulu-] 2nd-dual ✧ PE16/124
tulillo [← tulu-] 2nd-dual ✧ PE16/125
tulille [← tulu-] 2nd-pl ✧ PE16/124
tulille [← tulu-] 2nd-pl ✧ PE16/125
emil ← enin (present 1st-sg) 2nd-sg ✧ QL/35
enil ← enin (present 1st-sg) 2nd-sg ✧ QL/35
tuliste [← tulu-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE16/124
tul [← tulu-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE16/125
tulilye [← tulu-] 2nd-sg ✧ PE16/125
[tul]insi(r) [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-fem ✧ PE16/124
tulisse [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-fem ✧ PE16/125
[tuliss]ir [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-fem ✧ PE16/125
[tul]intu(r) [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-masc ✧ PE16/124
tulisso [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-masc ✧ PE16/125
[tuliss]ur [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-masc ✧ PE16/125
[tul]inta(r) [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-neut ✧ PE16/124
tulitta(r) [← tulu-] 3rd-dual-neut ✧ PE16/125
tulilde [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-fem ✧ PE16/124
tulilde(n) [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-fem ✧ PE16/125
tulildo [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-masc ✧ PE16/124
tulildo(n) [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-masc ✧ PE16/125
tulilta [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-neut ✧ PE16/124
tulilta(n) [← tulu-] 3rd-pl-neut ✧ PE16/125
emir ← enin (present 1st-sg) 3rd-sg ✧ QL/35
enir ← enin (present 1st-sg) 3rd-sg ✧ QL/35
hilkin “it freezes” [← hilk-] 3rd-sg ✧ LT1A/Helkar
ilkin- “it seems” [← ilk-] 3rd-sg ✧ QL/42
limin “he binds” [← lim-] 3rd-sg ✧ QL/54
tulia [← tulu-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE16/124
tulie [← tulu-] 3rd-sg ✧ PE16/124
usin “he escapes” [← usu-] 3rd-sg ✧ LT1A/Dor Faidwen
avin “he departs” [← #ava-] 3rd-sg ✧ QL/33
Kaire “lay” [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ MC/221
kaire “lay” [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/62
käire [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/72
kaire [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/74
kaire [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/75
kair [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/75
kaire [← kaya-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/77
fundunár [← fundu(na)-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/60
fundunáre [← fundu(na)-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/61
tulisse [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/124
tulinde [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/125
[tul]īre [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-fem ✧ PE16/125
alildon [← #ala-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/80
númetar “went down in the West” [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ MC/221
númetar “went down” [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/62
númetáro [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/64
nuumetaar [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/72
númetar [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/74
nuumetaar [← númeta-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/77
kantalár [← kantala-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/60
kantalára [← kantala-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/61
tulindo [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/124
tulindo [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/125
[tul]īro [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-masc ✧ PE16/125
tulīta [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-neut ✧ PE16/124
tulat [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-neut ✧ PE16/125
tulīta [← tulu-] 3rd-sg-neut ✧ PE16/125
in(d-) ← e (present) active-participle ✧ PE14/57
inda ← e (present) active-participle ✧ PE14/57
matsin ← mat- active-participle ✧ PE14/57
tulinwa [← tulu-] active-participle ✧ PE14/28
tulīlya/tulíla [← tulu-] active-participle ✧ PE14/28
tulvála/tulvalya [← tulu-] active-participle ✧ PE14/28
tulimba [← tulu-] active-participle ✧ PE14/28
tulin ← tul- active-participle ✧ PE14/57
tulit [← tulu-] dual ✧ PE14/28
tuli(n)t [← tulu-] dual ✧ PE14/28
tulir [← tulu-] dual ✧ PE16/124
tulisset [← tulu-] dual fem ✧ PE14/28
tulindon [← tulu-] dual masc ✧ PE14/28
tulista [← tulu-] dual neut ✧ PE14/28
tulint(a) [← tulu-] dual neut ✧ PE14/28
tulyat [← tulu-] dual neut ✧ PE14/28
tulir [← tulu-] fem ✧ PE14/28
tulisse [← tulu-] fem ✧ PE14/28
ista ← e (present) gerund ✧ PE14/57
matsista ← mat- gerund ✧ PE14/57
tulinto [← tulu-] gerund ✧ PE14/28
tulinto [← tulu-] gerund ✧ PE14/28
tulista ← tul- gerund ✧ PE14/57
[← tuvu-] impersonal ✧ PE14/58
ir ← e (present) impersonal ✧ PE14/57
matsir “is eaten” [← mata-] impersonal ✧ PE14/56
matsir ← mat- impersonal ✧ PE14/57
matsir “one eats; is eaten” [← mata-] impersonal ✧ PE14/85
tulir “one goes, somebody goes” [← tulu-] impersonal ✧ PE14/56
tulir ← tul- impersonal ✧ PE14/57
kiryinqen [← kiri-] infinitive ✧ PE16/56
kiryinqe [← kiri-] infinitive ✧ PE16/56
tulint [← tulu-] infinitive ✧ PE14/28
tulinqe [← tulu-] infinitive ✧ PE14/28
tulista [← tulu-] infinitive ✧ PE14/28
tulint [← tulu-] infinitive ✧ PE16/128
tulin(do) [← tulu-] masc ✧ PE14/28
tule [← tulu-] neut ✧ PE14/28
tulitā [← tulu-] neut ✧ PE14/28
tulya [← tulu-] neut ✧ PE14/28
tulilwe [← tulu-] passive ✧ PE14/30
tulilqe [← tulu-] passive ✧ PE14/30
tulildo [← tulu-] passive ✧ PE14/30
tulilqet [← tulu-] passive dual ✧ PE14/30
tulilwet [← tulu-] passive dual ✧ PE14/30
tulildon [← tulu-] passive dual ✧ PE14/30
tulillet [← tulu-] passive dual fem ✧ PE14/30
tulilmut [← tulu-] passive dual masc ✧ PE14/30
tuliltan [← tulu-] passive dual neut ✧ PE14/30
tulille [← tulu-] passive fem ✧ PE14/30
tulilse [← tulu-] passive fem ✧ PE14/30
tulildo [← tulu-] passive gerund ✧ PE14/30
tulil(de) [← tulu-] passive infinitive ✧ PE14/30
tulīma/tulilma [← tulu-] passive infinitive ✧ PE14/30
tulilmo [← tulu-] passive masc ✧ PE14/30
tulilta [← tulu-] passive neut ✧ PE14/30
tulilwi(r) [← tulu-] passive plural ✧ PE14/30
tulilqi(r) [← tulu-] passive plural ✧ PE14/30
tulildu [← tulu-] passive plural ✧ PE14/30
tulillir [← tulu-] passive plural fem ✧ PE14/30
tulilmur [← tulu-] passive plural masc ✧ PE14/30
tuliltai [← tulu-] passive plural neut ✧ PE14/30
tuliltar [← tulu-] passive plural neut ✧ PE14/30
tūlila [← tulu-] passive-participle ✧ PE14/30
tūlilya(nt) [← tulu-] passive-participle ✧ PE14/30
il ← e (present) plural ✧ PE14/57
matsil ← mat- plural ✧ PE14/57
matsi [← mata-] plural ✧ PE14/70
tulya [← tulu-] plural ✧ PE14/28
tulir [← tulu-] plural ✧ PE14/28
tulil ← tul- plural ✧ PE14/57
tulil [← tulu-] plural ✧ PE14/59
tulil “come” [← tulu-] plural ✧ PE14/59
tulil [← tulu-] plural ✧ PE16/124
tulissir [← tulu-] plural fem ✧ PE14/28
tulindoi [← tulu-] plural masc ✧ PE14/28
tulyar [← tulu-] plural neut ✧ PE14/28
tulinta [← tulu-] plural neut ✧ PE14/28
ikto ← e (present) reflexive ✧ PE14/57
matsikto ← mat- reflexive ✧ PE14/57
tulista [← tulu-] reflexive ✧ PE14/29
[tul]is [← tulu-] reflexive ✧ PE14/29
tulikto [← tulu-] reflexive ✧ PE14/29
tulisto [← tulu-] reflexive ✧ PE14/29
tulikto(r) ← tul- reflexive ✧ PE14/57
tulistan [← tulu-] reflexive dual ✧ PE14/29
tuliston [← tulu-] reflexive dual ✧ PE14/29
tuliksin [← tulu-] reflexive dual fem ✧ PE14/29
tulikson [← tulu-] reflexive dual masc ✧ PE14/29
tuliktan [← tulu-] reflexive dual neut ✧ PE14/29
tulikse [← tulu-] reflexive fem ✧ PE14/29
tulitsa [← tulu-] reflexive gerund ✧ PE14/29
[tul]iksa(nt) [← tulu-] reflexive gerund ✧ PE14/29
tulis(te) [← tulu-] reflexive infinitive ✧ PE14/29
tulinko [← tulu-] reflexive masc ✧ PE14/29
túliesto [← tulu-] reflexive masc ✧ PE14/29
tulikta [← tulu-] reflexive neut ✧ PE14/29
ilko ← e (present) reflexive plural ✧ PE14/57
matsilto ← mat- reflexive plural ✧ PE14/57
tulistu [← tulu-] reflexive plural ✧ PE14/29
tulistoi [← tulu-] reflexive plural ✧ PE14/29
tulilto(r) ← tul- reflexive plural ✧ PE14/57
tuliksi [← tulu-] reflexive plural fem ✧ PE14/29
tuliksoi [← tulu-] reflexive plural masc ✧ PE14/29
tuliktai [← tulu-] reflexive plural neut ✧ PE14/29
tulistima [← tulu-] reflexive-participle ✧ PE14/29
tuliksima [← tulu-] reflexive-participle ✧ PE14/29
tuliska [← tulu-] reflexive-participle ✧ PE14/29

References ✧ PE14/34, 56

Element In