ᴹQ. [nm], [ŋm] became [nw], [ŋgw]; [nm|ŋm] > [nw|ŋgw]
References ✧ PE19/43, 47
Order (00100)
| After | 02000 | ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants | ||
| After | 02500 | ᴹAQ. voiced stops became nasals before nasals | ||
| Before | 01600 | [x] became [h] except before [t] |
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/50 (nm > nw) |
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE19/50 (ñm > ñgw) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| janmē > janwē | nm > nw | ᴹ✶yatmā > ᴹQ. yanwe | ✧ Ety/YAT |
| kwenmēn > kwenwēn | nm > nw | ᴹ✶qend(ǝ)mēn > ᴹQ. †qenwen | ✧ PE21/25 |
| maranme > maranwe | nm > nw | ᴹ√MBARAT > ᴹQ. maranwe | ✧ Ety/MBARAT |
| nonmē > nonwē | nm > nw | ✶notmē > Q. nonwe | ✧ PE19/86 |
| tinmē > tinwē | nm > nw | ᴹ✶tinmē > ᴹQ. tinwe | ✧ Ety/TIN |
| eŋma > eŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶eñ-ma > eñwa > ᴹQ. eñgwa | ✧ PE19/47 |
| naŋma > naŋgwa | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶nakma > ᴹQ. nangwa | ✧ Ety/NAK |
| oŋme > oŋgwe | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶okma > Q. ongwe | ✧ PE17/170 |
| raŋmē > raŋgwē | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶rakmē > ᴹQ. rangwe | ✧ Ety/RAK |
| saŋmā > saŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶sagmā > ᴹQ. sangwa | ✧ Ety/SAG |
| suŋmā > suŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶sukmā > ᴹQ. sungwa | ✧ Ety/SUK |
| taŋmā > taŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶takmā > ᴹQ. tangwa | ✧ Ety/TAK |
| teŋmā > teŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶tekmā > tegmā > teñma > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE17/43 |
| teŋmā > teŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶tek-mā > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE17/44 |
| teŋwa > teŋgwa | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶teñma > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE17/44 |
| teŋma > teŋgwa | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶tekma > Q. tengwa | ✧ PE18/104 |
| teŋmā > teŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶tekma > ᴹQ. tengwa | ✧ Ety/TEK |
| teŋmā > teŋgwā | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶tekmā > tegmā > teñma > ᴹQ. teñgwa | ✧ PE19/43 |
| teŋmē > teŋgwē | ŋm > ŋgw | ✶tekmē > Q. tengwe | ✧ PE19/86 |
| teŋme > teŋgwe | ŋm > ŋgw | ᴹ✶tekme > ᴹQ. tengwe | ✧ Ety/TEK |
ᴱQ. medial nasal plus [w] became [ŋgw]; [{nʲmnŋ}w] > [ŋgw]
Reference ✧ PE12/23 ✧ phonetics
Phonetic Rule Elements
|
|
> |
|
✧ PE12/23 (ñ, n, m, ŋ + ẇ > ngw) |
Phonetic Rule Examples
| iŋwe > iŋgwe | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√IWI > ᴱQ. ingwe | ✧ QL/43 |
| riŋwe > riŋgwe | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√RIŊI > ᴱQ. ringwe | ✧ QL/80 |
| saŋwa > saŋgwa | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√SAŊA > ᴱQ. sangwa | ✧ QL/81 |
| teŋwe > teŋgwe | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√TEŊE > ᴱQ. tengwe | ✧ QL/91 |
| toŋwa > toŋgwa | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√TOŊO > ᴱQ. tongwa | ✧ QL/94 |
| uŋwe > uŋgwe | ŋw > ŋgw | ᴱ√GUŊU > ᴱQ. ungwe | ✧ QL/98 |