Eldamo : Quenya : anda

Q. anda adj. “long, far” (Category: Long)

Q. anda, adj. “long, ⚠️far” (Category: Long)

The Quenya adjective for “long”, which had an extensive history in Tolkien’s writings.

Conceptual Development: The Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had ᴱQ. ande or andea “long” under the early root ᴱ√ṆÐṆ “stretch” (QL/31). The contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon had ᴱQ. andra or anda as the equivalent of G. in(d)ra, both derived from ᴱ√ṇdr (GL/51). The Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s just had anda “long” (PE14/45, 77), and Tolkien stuck with that form thereafter.

The English-Qenya Dictionary of the 1920s gave ᴱQ. anda the gloss “long (of space)” (PE15/74). The Etymologies of the 1930s had ᴹQ. anda “long” as a derivative of the root ᴹ√ÁNAD (Ety/ÁNAD). In notes from the mid-1960s Tolkien said anda meant both “long” and “far” (PE17/90), but everywhere else Tolkien said it only meant “long”.

References ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/40, 90; PM/321; VT49/31

Glosses

“long” ✧ PE17/40 (andā); VT49/31; PM/321 (#anda)
“long, far” ✧ PE17/90

Variations

anda ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/90; VT49/31; PM/321 (#anda)
andā ✧ PE17/40

Element In

ᴺQ. !andalango “giraffe, (lit.) long-neck”
ᴺQ. !andanyarro “weasel, ferret, mink, stoat, polecat, (lit.) long-rat”
ᴺQ. !andarestë “long-suffering, patience”
ᴺQ. !andë “length”
ᴺQ. !restandië “furlong”
Q. Andafalassë “Langstrand”
Q. Andafangar “Longbeards” ✧ PM/321
Q. #andamacil “long sword”
Q. andatehta “long-mark”
Q. #andavanwa “long-passed; long-departed”
Q. andavë “long, at great length”
Q. Anduinë “Long River” ✧ PE17/40
Q. andanéya “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31 (anda né/andanéya)
Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT

Cognates

S. and “long” ✧ PE17/40 (ann); PE17/90 (ann-)

Derivations

< √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/40
< ✶andā “long, far” ✧ PE17/90
- < √ANAD “long; far” ✧ PE17/90 (NDA); PE17/90 (NDA)

Phonetic Developments

√ANAD > andā	[andā] > [anda]	✧ PE17/40
✶andā > anda	[andā] > [anda]	✧ PE17/90

ᴹQ. anda adj. “long” (Category: Long)

See Q. anda for discussion.

References ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; PE18/32; PE22/11, 20-21, 96, 125; PE23/109

Glosses

“long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; PE22/20; PE22/21; PE22/96; PE22/125; PE23/109; PE22/11 (#anda)

Variations

anda ✧ Ety/ÁNAD; PE22/20; PE22/21; PE22/96; PE22/125; PE23/109; PE22/11 (#anda)

Inflections

Andar	plural	“long”	✧ PE18/32
#and-	prefix	“long”	✧ PE22/11

Element In

ᴹQ. Andalóke “Long Serpent”
ᴹQ. andamunda “elephant”
ᴹQ. andatehta “long mark” ✧ PE22/11
ᴹQ. andul “long pole”
ᴹQ. á e·ndanne anda né “Oh! he went back long ago” ✧ PE22/96
ᴹQ. andalúme “for a long while” ✧ PE22/125
ᴹQ. anda né “long ago” ✧ PE23/109
ᴹQ. andatelko “long stem, long leg” ✧ PE22/20
ᴹQ. andólama “long consonant” ✧ PE22/11

Cognates

N. ann “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD

Derivations

< ᴹ✶andā “long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD
- < ᴹ√ANAD “*long” ✧ Ety/ÁNAD (ÁNAD); Ety/MBUD (ÁNAD)

Phonetic Developments

ᴹ✶andā > anda

[andā] > [anda]

✧ Ety/ÁNAD

ᴱQ. ande(a) (andi-) adj. “long (of space)” (Category: Long)

See Q. anda for discussion.

References ✧ GL/51; PE14/45, 76-77; PE15/74; PE16/57, 60; PME/31; QL/31

Glosses

“long” ✧ PE14/45 (anda); PE14/45 (anda); PE14/76 (anda); PE14/77 (anda); QL/31 (ande)
“long (of space)” ✧ PE15/74 (anda)

Variations

andra ✧ GL/51
anda ✧ GL/51; PE14/45; PE14/45; PE14/76; PE14/77; PE14/77; PE15/74
ande ✧ QL/31
andea ✧ QL/31

Inflections

anda(s)	accusative; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
ande(n)	accusative plural; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
andar	dative; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
ander	dative plural; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
andan	genitive; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
anden	genitive plural; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
†andeon	genitive plural; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
andalissen	locative plural		✧ PE16/57; PE16/60
ande	plural; adj-agreement		✧ PE14/45; PE14/77
andĭ-	stem	“long”	✧ PME/31
andĭ-	stem		✧ QL/31

Element In

ᴱQ. anda-lepta “long-fingered” ✧ PE15/74
ᴱQ. anda ráma “(a) long wing” ✧ PE14/76
ᴱQ. anda-ráma “long-arm(ed); long-wing(ed)” ✧ PE14/45 (anda·ráma); PE15/74; PE15/74 (rámandea)
ᴱQ. Andesalke “Africa, (lit.) Long-grass” ✧ QL/31
ᴱQ. andesilqe “long-haired, long-tressed” ✧ QL/31
ᴱQ. ondoisen andalissen ✧ PE16/57; PE16/60

Cognates

G. in(d)ra “long (also used of time)” ✧ GL/51

Derivations

< ᴱ√ṆÐṆ “stretch, extend” ✧ QL/31 (NÐN)
- < yǝ < NÐN ✧ QL/31

Phonetic Developments

ᴱ√NÐN > yǝ > ande

[ṇðjǝ] > [ṇðj] > [ṇði] > [ṇðe] > [anðe] > [ande]

✧ QL/31