ᴹAQ. stops frequently underwent metathesis with nasals and liquids
|
lkʰ
|
< |
kʰl
|
✧ PE19/51 (khl > lkh)
|
Dan. medial [x] vanished between vowels
|
-x-
|
> |
-ø-
|
✧ PE19/23 (-khj- > -(j)); PE19/23 (-kh- > -); PE19/23 (-kh- > -)
|
ᴹAQ. [r] became [s] after voiceless stops and aspirates
|
kʰr
|
> |
ks
|
✧ PE19/50 (khr > ks)
|
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless stops after voiceless stops
|
kkʰ
|
> |
kk
|
✧ PE19/50 (kkh > kk)
|
ᴹAQ. aspirates became voiceless spirants
|
kʰ
|
> |
x
|
✧ PE19/51 (lkh > lkh); PE19/51 (lkhy > lkhy; rare); PE19/51 (lkhw > lkhw; rare); PE19/51 (rkh > rkh); PE19/51 (rkhw > rkhw); PE19/51 (rkhy > rkhy)
|
ᴹAQ. [x], [s] unvoiced following [j], [w]
|
xj
|
> |
j̊
|
✧ PE19/50 (khy > hy); PE19/38 (khy > hy); PE19/52 (khy > hy)
|
ᴹAQ. [x], [s] unvoiced following [j], [w]
|
xw
|
> |
w̥
|
✧ PE19/50 (khw > hw); PE19/38 (khw > hw); PE19/52 (khw > hw)
|
ᴹAQ. velars were dentalized before [j]
|
kʰj
|
> |
tʰj
|
✧ PE19/51 (skhy > sty)
|
ᴹ✶aspirates became voiceless stops after [s], [h]
|
skʰ
|
> |
sk
|
✧ PE19/51 (skhw > skw)
|
ᴹ✶aspirate became voiceless stop before [s]
|
kʰs
|
> |
ks
|
✧ PE19/50 (kh + s > ks)
|
ᴹ✶aspiration moved to end of group of stops
|
kʰt
|
> |
ktʰ
|
✧ PE19/52 (kh + t > k + th)
|
ᴹQ. [x] became [h] except before [t]
|
x
|
> |
h
|
✧ PE19/37 (kh > h); PE19/50 (kh > h); PE19/52 (kh > h)
|
ON. labialized velars became labials
|
kʰw-
|
> |
pʰ-
|
✧ PE19/18 (khw- > ph/f-)
|
ON. aspirates became voiceless spirants
|
kʰ
|
> |
x
|
✧ PE19/18 (kh- > kh/χ-); PE19/21 (khr- > khr-); PE19/21 (khl- > khl-); PE19/23 (-khj- > -khj-); PE19/23 (-kh- > -kh-); PE19/23 (-khw- > -khw-)
|